Olivia Jacobs
Ellie Hogg
William Spencer
Topher Robinson
Watered Down Puns
1. Introduction
Water is the universal solvent and a basic necessity for all living things. Water also has many properties that affect the way it behaves under certain circumstances. Some of these are adhesion, cohesion, surface tension, capillary action, and polarity or hydrogen bonds. Adhesion can be described as the attraction among molecules of the same substance, while cohesion is the attraction of molecules of the same substance. Surface tension can be described as the affects of cohesion; otherwise the bonding of the water molecules on a surface. Capillary Action is the ability of water molecules to travel against gravity by adhesion. Polarity is the difference of charges in an H-Bond, creating a neutral molecule. These are the properties of water that we will be exploring in our labs and the ones that make water such a unique compound. Under what circumstances will these properties be exhibited?
Watered Down Puns
1. Introduction
Water is the universal solvent and a basic necessity for all living things. Water also has many properties that affect the way it behaves under certain circumstances. Some of these are adhesion, cohesion, surface tension, capillary action, and polarity or hydrogen bonds. Adhesion can be described as the attraction among molecules of the same substance, while cohesion is the attraction of molecules of the same substance. Surface tension can be described as the affects of cohesion; otherwise the bonding of the water molecules on a surface. Capillary Action is the ability of water molecules to travel against gravity by adhesion. Polarity is the difference of charges in an H-Bond, creating a neutral molecule. These are the properties of water that we will be exploring in our labs and the ones that make water such a unique compound. Under what circumstances will these properties be exhibited?
2. Hypotheses
To Wax Philosophic-
If the dropper is used to pull the water droplet around on the wax paper, then the drop will remain a dome shape and all the water molecules will stay together instead of separating or being absorbed.
Stir it Up-
If the water is poured from the beaker slowly down the stirring rod, which is set at an angle, the water will flow down the rod and into the graduated cylinder without spilling or dripping from the rod.
Antigravity-
If the paper towel is set in a vertical cylinder in the pan of shallow water, then the water will absorb upwards into the paper towel.
Much Color Ado
If the dropper is used to drop food coloring into a test tube with 5 ml of water and color is dropped into 5 ml of oil, then the coloring will, in water, dissolve, changing the color of the water while, in oil, the drops will float on top of the oil and remain in drops.
Stop on a Dime-
If water is slowly dripped from the dropper onto the face of a dime, approximately 35 drops of water will stay on the dime’s face before the water spills over.
Dish and Clips-
If the tongs are used to place the paper clip on the surface of water in a small dish, then the paper clip will sink.
Looney Balloony-
If we rub the balloon with paper towel and put it near a running stream of water, then the water will move towards the balloon and flow over it.
3. Materials
To Wax Philosophic- The materials we used for this lab were tap water, a water dropper, a beaker of water, and a sheet of wax paper (roughly 1’ by 1’).
Stir it Up- The materials we used for this lab were a glass stirring rod, a beaker of water, and a graduated cylinder.
Antigravity- The materials we used for this lab were a dish of water, and a paper towel.
Stop on a Dime- The materials we used for this lab were a beaker of water, a water dropper, and a dime.
Dish and Clips- The materials we used for this lab were a beaker of water, a shallow dish of water, a pair of tongs, and a paper clip.
4. Procedure
To Wax Philosophic- We, using the water dropper, put a drop approximately the size or a dime onto the wax paper. We used the tip of the dropper to pull the drop around in circles on the wax paper. The drop remained in a dome shape and stayed in one drop without separating even though, as we pulled it, it became oblong instead of circular.
Stir it Up- We angled the stirring rod in the graduated cylinder and rested it on the lip of the graduated cylinder. We then slowly poured the water from the beaker onto the stirring rod near the top. The water drained down the stirring rod into the graduated cylinder without spilling.
Antigravity- We rolled the paper towel into a cylinder and stood it vertically in the dish of water. The first time, the towel came unrolled and fell over, so we made a new cylinder using a larger sheet or towel. The second time, it stood and soaked up the water up to a few inches.
Much Color Ado About Nothing- We put color (3 drops), using the dropper, into a 5ml test tube of water. The color dissolved, changing the color of the water. We also put color drops (3 drops) into a 5ml test tube of oil. The water stayed in bubbles but sunk slowly to the bottom of the test tube.
Looney Balloony- We rubbed the balloon thoroughly with a paper towel. Then we moved the balloon close to a stream of water, from a tap. The water stream moved away from the balloon slightly.
Stop on a Dime- We slowly dropped small drips of water onto the center of the face of a dime. The water formed a bubble and as it grew, remained on the face of the dime until we dropped the 40th drop onto the dime. Some of the water then spilled over the edges of the dime.
Dish and Clips- We slowly placed the paper clip on the surface of the water horizontally. The first time, the clip sank because it was placed at an angle. The clip was horizontal and floated atop the water in the dish.
5. Data and Observations.
6. Error Analysis
In the lab Much Color Ado About Nothing, our group accidentally used the wrong amounts of oil and water. Before we recorded our data, however, we went back and redid the lab with the proper measurements. Also, in Antigravity, the paper towel roll was originally not thick enough to stay in a cylinder shape but we corrected that, also before recording our data by making a thicker roll.
7. Results and Analysis Questions
Antigravity- In antigravity lab, we observed cohesion adhesion, and capillary action occurring between the water molecules themselves as well as the water with the paper towel. This is why the water appeared to defy gravity. My hypothesis was supported.
To Wax Philosophic- We observed, in this lab, the affects of Adhesion. Because the water molecules had bonded to themselves, they pulled each other around without letting go. This is why the bubble did not split or separate. My hypothesis was refuted.
Stir it Up- This lab showed how adhesion takes place between molecules of different compounds. The water molecules boded to the glass and clung to it instead of spilling or dripping. My hypothesis was supported.
Much Color Ado About Nothing- In this lab, we observed properties of water density in comparison to oil and food coloring. My Hypothesis was refuted in that the color bubbles sank to the bottom of the oil instead of floating on top of them.
Looney Balloony- In Looney Balloony, we observed the effects of polarity. The opposing polarities of the water versus the balloon created an antimagnetic effect. My hypothesis was refuted.
Stop on a Dime- In Stop on a Dime, we watched as the effects of surface tension take place. The water was so tightly bonded with itself and the face of the dime that the water did not spill over until there was a large dome shaped bubble on the dime. My hypothesis was refuted as more water drops stayed on the dime than I suspected.
Dish and Clips- In Dish and Clips, we saw the effects of adhesion and cohesion. The clip floated on the water, by bonding with each other. The clip displaced very little water and did not sink. My hypothesis was refuted.
8. Conclusion
To Wax Philosophic- In To Wax philosophic, the water drop slid across the wax paper without splitting, braking, or separating into multiple bubbles as we pulled it with the tip of the water dropper. This occurred because of cohesion when the water molecules boded with each other. In my hypothesis, I said that the bubble would remain intact, as it did, due to surface tension, therefore my hypothesis was reported. If this lab is repeated, I suggest trying to use larger drops of water, or testing how large the drop can get and still retain its singular bubble shape.
Stir it Up- In this lab, the water that we poured down the stirring rod drained into the graduated cylinder without spilling or dripping due to adhesion. The glass and the water bonded with each other and the gravity caused the downward flow of the water. In my hypothesis, I thought that the water would keep its bond with the rod, which it did, therefore my hypothesis was supported. Although, if the lab is repeated, I would improve it by testing the angle the stirring rod is set at and seeing how close the rod can get to horizontal while still retaining its bond with the water.
Antigravity- When we placed the rolled up paper towel in the dish of water, the water absorbed upward into the paper towel until it was a few inches high and the towel fell over. This, I learned, is because of capillary action or a combination of cohesion and adhesion where that water bonds with itself and is absorbed into the towel. My hypothesis stated that the water would absorb into the paper towel, which it did.
Much Color Ado About Nothing- In the water, the color dissolved and turned the water a pinkish color. When the color was dropped into the oil, the drops slowly sank down to the bottom of the test tube. My hypothesis suggested that the drops of color would float on top of the oil because it was less dense. Apparently, the color was denser that the oil however, as it sank. I would suggest using graduated cylinders instead of test tube because in the oil, the drops of color were forced to combine when they would have remained bubbles in a wider mouthed container.
Loony Balloony-The stream of water moved away from the balloon slightly because they had the same polarity after we rubbed the balloon with the towel. My hypothesis suggested that the water would be attracted to the balloon and was refuted.
Stop on a Dime- In this lab, the surface tension of the water caused it to stay on the face of the dime. The water was attracted to itself and held on even though it appeared that the water would spill over. In my hypothesis, I thought that 35 drops of water would stay on the dime’s face when forty drops were sable to stay on the dime. I was very close but approximately wrong.
Dish and Clips- In Dish and Clips, the paper clip floated on top of the water. I thought, in my hypothesis that the clip would sink because it was denser than the water but the clip should be thought of as hollow and therefore not very dense instead of a solid metal. (I understand that the clip is a solid metal). My hypothesis was entirely refuted.
